European Data Protection Day, celebrated annually on January 28, is a perfect opportunity to highlight the importance of data security and the fact that privacy is more threatened than ever in the world of modern technology.

In the age of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), nearly every device around us can become a potential source of personal data leakage. Connected smart devices are everywhere – they have become an integral part of our personal and professional networks. The benefits are plentiful, from remotely controlled security systems to thermostats that can be adjusted via mobile devices. However, IoT devices often collect vast amounts of data, including sensitive personal information, which can pose serious privacy risks.

Unfortunately, many IoT devices are not securely configured by default when shipped by manufacturers, and hackers can easily exploit any security flaws in networks.

Below are 4 examples of data security breaches involving IoT devices:

1. Ring Doorbells, Cameras, and Monitoring Systems

Ring, owned by Amazon, gained significant attention in recent years due to two separate security incidents. First, for accidentally exposing user data, such as names and IP addresses, to both Facebook and Google via external trackers embedded in their Android app. Second, for an IoT security breach that allowed cybercriminals to successfully hack into connected doorbell and home monitoring systems, gaining live access to camera feeds in several households.
How did they do it? By exploiting weak and default authentication credentials, hackers gained access to live transmissions from cameras in customers’ homes and could even communicate remotely via integrated microphones and speakers.

2. Security Flaws in Nortek’s Digital Building Access Systems

Many companies have transitioned from traditional locks and keys to digital building access systems relying on physical key cards, access codes, and even biometric technologies to grant employees access to offices.
However, these systems are not without flaws – research by Applied Risk (a cybersecurity firm) identified 10 vulnerabilities in Nortek Linear eMerge E3 devices that would allow hackers to capture authentication data, take control of devices (open/close doors), install malware, and execute Denial of Service (DoS) attacks while bypassing security measures.

3. Dangerous St. Jude Medical Cardiological Devices

The nature of IoT devices means that data is constantly transmitted, processed, and stored in the cloud, often without any encryption. If a hacker were to gain access to such sensitive information and use it to manipulate a medical IoT device, they could send false signals, potentially impacting patient treatment if a healthcare worker responded to one of these signals.

Research conducted a few years ago by the FDA revealed security flaws in St. Jude Medical’s implantable cardiological devices. Hackers could discharge the battery or deliver incorrect stimulation or shocks if they gained access. Fortunately, no patients were harmed due to these security flaws, and St. Jude developed a software patch to address the issue.

4. TRENDnet Webcam Hack

TRENDnet marketed its SecurView cameras as ideal for a wide range of applications for home security and baby monitors. Most importantly, they were advertised as secure, the most important thing we expect from a security camera.
However, it turned out that anyone who could find the IP address of these devices could access them, watch the video feed, and sometimes even intercept audio. It was also revealed that for some time, TRENDnet transmitted user login data over the internet without encryption, in plain text.
This incident shows that security should never be taken for granted. Just because a device is meant to be secure doesn’t mean your private data isn’t leaking.

Best Practices for Preventing IoT Data Breaches

1. Change Default Passwords
   Many IoT devices come with default usernames and passwords that are widely known or easy to guess. One of the simplest and most effective steps to prevent breaches is to change these credentials during setup. Strong, unique passwords should be used to protect devices from unauthorized access.
2. Regularly Update Software and Firmware
   IoT manufacturers regularly release updates to address security vulnerabilities. Failing to apply these updates can leave devices exposed to known threats. Enabling automatic updates or setting reminders to check for them ensures your devices are always protected against the latest threats.
3. Implement Network Segmentation
   Avoid connecting all IoT devices to the same network as your critical systems or sensitive data. By segmenting your network, you reduce the impact of a breach in one device on others. This isolation significantly adds an extra layer of security if an IoT device is compromised.
4. Use Strong Encryption
   Encrypting data transmitted between IoT devices and networks helps protect it from interception. Always ensure that devices use secure communication protocols like HTTPS or SSL/TLS, and that data stored on devices is encrypted to prevent unauthorized access in case of a breach.
5. Monitor and Audit IoT Device Activity
   Consistent monitoring of IoT device activity can help detect suspicious behaviour early. Implementing automated alert systems or regular audits of devices can help identify potential vulnerabilities or breaches before they escalate.
6. Limit Data Collection and Sharing
   Not all IoT devices need access to personal information. Limit the amount of data collected by devices to only what’s necessary for their function. Additionally, review privacy settings and limit data sharing with third parties, ensuring compliance with data protection regulations like GDPR.
7. Educate Yourself and Other Users
   Many IoT breaches occur due to human error, such as sharing credentials or ignoring security warnings. Educating users on the importance of IoT security, how to set strong passwords, and the risks of using unsecured devices can significantly reduce the chances of a data breach.

By following these best practices, individuals and organizations can reduce the risk of data breaches and protect their IoT devices from becoming weak links in the security chain.

This post is also available in: Polski (Polish)